A bird for
this season is the Kingfisher, also known as the Halcyon. The
Kingfisher is associated
in Greek myth with the Winter Solstice. There were fourteen
"halcyon days" in every year, seven of which fell before the
winter solstice, seven after; peaceful days when the sea was smooth as a
pond and the hen-halcyon built a floating nest and hatched out her
young.
She also had another
habit, that of carrying her dead mate on her back over the sea and
mourning him with a plaintive cry. Pliny reported that the halcyon was rarely seen and then only at
the winter and summer solstices and at the setting of the Pleiades.
She was therefore, a manifestation of the Moon-Goddess who was
worshipped at the two solstices as the Goddess of Life in Death and
Death in Life and, when the Pleiades set, she sent the sacred king his
summons for death.
Kingfishers are typically stocky, short-legged birds
with large heads and large, heron-like beaks.
They feed primarily of fish, hovering over the water or watching
intently from perches and they plunge headlong into the water to catch
their prey.
Their name, Alcedinidae, stems from classical Greek mythology.
Alcyone, Daughter of the Wind, was so distraught when her
husband perished in a shipwreck that she threw herself into the sea.
Both were then transformed into kingfishers and roamed the waves
together. When they nested
on the open sea, the winds remained calm and the weather balmy.
Still another Alcyone, Queen of
Sailing, was the mystical leader of the seven Pleiades. The heliacal
rising of the Pleiades in May marked the beginning of the navigational
year and their setting marked the end. Alcyone, as Sea Goddess protected sailors from rocks and rough
weather.
The bird, halcyon
continued for centuries to be credited with the magical power of
allaying storms.
Shakespeare refers to this legend in this passage
from Hamlet:
Some
say that ever 'gainst that season comes
Wherein our Saviour's birth is celebrated,
The bird of dawning singeth all night long;
And then, they say, no spirit can walk abroad;
The nights are wholesome; then no planets strike,
No fairy takes, nor witch hath power to charm,
So hallow'd and so gracious is the time.
Hamlet, I, i 157
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